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Study Notes

Unit 5: Vocabulary — Lingua Latina Chapters I–VIII

Important Note on This Vocabulary List

This vocabulary is drawn from Lingua Latina per se Illustrata (Ørberg) Chapters I–VIII. Cross-reference with the chapter word lists in the margins of your textbook for the complete list. Additional vocabulary will be added when the textbook becomes available.

For each noun, the dictionary entry gives: nominative singular, genitive singular ending (or full genitive), and gender (m/f/n).

For each adjective, the entry gives: masculine, feminine, neuter nominative forms.

People and Roles

Nouns describing people — learn their gender and declension from the genitive ending.

  • dominus, -i (m) = master, lord
  • domina, -ae (f) = mistress, lady of the house
  • servus, -i (m) = slave, servant
  • ancilla, -ae (f) = maidservant, female slave
  • puer, pueri (m) = boy [2nd declension irregular — no -us ending in nom sg]
  • puella, -ae (f) = girl
  • vir, viri (m) = man, husband
  • femina, -ae (f) = woman
  • filius, -i (m) = son
  • filia, -ae (f) = daughter

Places and Geography

Nouns describing places — pay attention to gender and declension.

  • Roma, -ae (f) = Rome
  • Italia, -ae (f) = Italy
  • Graecia, -ae (f) = Greece
  • Gallia, -ae (f) = Gaul (modern France)
  • Germania, -ae (f) = Germany
  • villa, -ae (f) = country house, estate
  • hortus, -i (m) = garden
  • silva, -ae (f) = forest, woods
  • via, -ae (f) = road, way, street
  • oppidum, -i (n) = town
  • fluvius, -i (m) = river
  • insula, -ae (f) = island; also: apartment building
  • rivus, -i (m) = stream, brook
  • atrium, -i (n) = entrance hall, atrium (main room of a Roman house)
  • cubiculum, -i (n) = bedroom, room
  • triclinium, -i (n) = dining room

Common Nouns and Adjectives

High-frequency nouns and adjectives from Chapters I–VIII.

  • aqua, -ae (f) = water
  • pecunia, -ae (f) = money
  • littera, -ae (f) = letter of the alphabet; plural (litterae) = letter (correspondence)
  • numerus, -i (m) = number
  • animus, -i (m) = mind, spirit, soul
  • oculus, -i (m) = eye
  • verbum, -i (n) = word
  • vinum, -i (n) = wine
  • magnus, -a, -um = large, great
  • parvus, -a, -um = small, little
  • bonus, -a, -um = good
  • malus, -a, -um = bad, wicked, evil
  • multus, -a, -um = much (singular), many (plural)
  • pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum = beautiful, handsome
  • laetus, -a, -um = happy, glad, joyful
  • iratus, -a, -um = angry
  • Romanus, -a, -um = Roman
  • Graecus, -a, -um = Greek
  • longus, -a, -um = long
  • latus, -a, -um = wide, broad

Particles, Conjunctions, and Common Adverbs

These small words are crucial for understanding Latin sentences.

  • et = and
  • sed = but
  • non = not
  • aut = or
  • nunc = now
  • iam = now, already, soon
  • saepe = often
  • semper = always
  • numquam = never
  • tum = then, at that time
  • ibi = there
  • hic (adverb) = here [different from hic the pronoun]
  • ubi = where
  • quid = what (interrogative)
  • quis = who (interrogative)
  • cur = why
  • quoque = also, too [follows the word it modifies — postpositive]
  • etiam = also, even, still
  • enim = for, indeed [explains a previous statement; always second word in its clause — postpositive]
  • ergo = therefore
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