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Study Notes

Unit 1: Vocabulary — City & School

The Vocabulary List

Hebrew is read right-to-left. The vocabulary below is organized by category. Learn both the Hebrew and English for each word — your exam requires both directions.

Places in a City:

• עיר — city

• חנות — store / shop

• קולנוע — cinema / movie theater

• בית כנסת — synagogue

• בית קפה — café / coffee house

• גינה — garden / park

• קניון — mall / shopping center

• מוזאון — museum

• מסעדה — restaurant

• בית ספר — school

Adjectives:

• דתי — religious

• משעמם — boring

• מודרני — modern

• חדש — new

• עתיק — old / ancient

• מעניין — interesting

• חם — hot

• קר — cold

Verbs and Actions:

• אוהב — loves / like

• מרגיש — feels / feeling

• מדבר — speaks (verb) / desert (noun — context dependent)

• קורא — reads / reading

• מתפללים — pray / praying

• לומד / לומדת — study / learning (m/f)

People and Pronouns:

• אנשים — people

• חבר — friend

• אורח — guest / visitor

• תלמיד / תלמידה — student (m/f)

• אנחנו — we

Essential Phrases and Words:

• שלום — hello / peace

• יש — there is / there are

• אין — there is not / there are not

• לפעמים — sometimes

• קוראים לי — my name is (literally "they call me")

• אני גר / גרה — I live (m/f)

• ברחוב — on the street

• בניו יורק — in New York

• בוקר — morning

• עברית — Hebrew

Seasons:

• חורף — winter

• קיץ — summer

Classroom:

• כיתה — classroom / grade

יש and אין — The Key Concept

יש and אין are two of the most important words in Hebrew for describing your city. You will use them constantly in both the oral and written exams.

יש = "there is" / "there are"

Used to say something EXISTS in a place.

אין = "there is not" / "there are not"

Used to say something does NOT EXIST in a place.

The structure is simple:

Location + יש/אין + subject

Examples:

• בניו יורק יש מוזאון — In New York there is a museum.

• בניו יורק יש קניון — In New York there is a mall.

• בניו יורק אין מדבר — In New York there is no desert.

• בניו יורק אין חורף קר מאד — In New York there is not a very cold winter.

• יש מסעדות בניו יורק — There are restaurants in New York.

• אין מדבר בעיר שלי — There is no desert in my city.

Tip: These two words replace the verb "to be" in present tense existential statements. Hebrew does not use a verb "to be" in these sentences.

  • יש = something exists — "there is/are"
  • אין = something does not exist — "there is/are not"
  • Structure: Place + יש/אין + what exists
  • No verb "to be" needed — יש and אין do the work
  • For the written exam: write 15 sentences about your city using יש and אין with the vocabulary list

Gender in Hebrew

Hebrew nouns and adjectives have grammatical gender — masculine (זכר) or feminine (נקבה). This matters for speaking about yourself and for correct sentence construction.

For the oral exam, you will speak in first person, so you need to know your own gender forms:

Masculine forms:

• תלמיד — (male) student

• אני גר — I (male) live

• אני לומד — I (male) study/learn

• אני אוהב — I (male) love/like

Feminine forms:

• תלמידה — (female) student

• אני גרה — I (female) live

• אני לומדת — I (female) study/learn

• אני אוהבת — I (female) love/like

Adjective agreement example:

• עיר מעניינת — an interesting city (feminine, because עיר is feminine)

• ספר מעניין — an interesting book (masculine)

  • Hebrew nouns are either masculine or feminine
  • Adjectives must match the gender of the noun they describe
  • Verbs in first person change based on whether the speaker is male or female
  • Know your own gender form for the oral exam
  • Feminine nouns and adjectives often end in ה- or ת-

Writing Task Preparation — 15 Sentences About My City

The written exam asks you to write 15 sentences about your city (עיר) using the vocabulary list. Here is how to build strong sentences:

Formula 1 — What exists in my city:

[City/place] + יש + [vocabulary word]

Example: בניו יורק יש מוזאון גדול — In New York there is a big museum.

Formula 2 — What does not exist in my city:

[City/place] + אין + [vocabulary word]

Example: בניו יורק אין מדבר — In New York there is no desert.

Formula 3 — Describe the city with an adjective:

העיר שלי + [adjective]

Example: העיר שלי מעניינת — My city is interesting.

Formula 4 — What you do in the city:

אני + [verb] + ב[place]

Example: אני אוכל במסעדה — I eat at a restaurant.

Formula 5 — Combine vocabulary with description:

יש [place] + [adjective] + בעיר שלי

Example: יש בית קפה חדש בעיר שלי — There is a new café in my city.

Five Model Sentences:

1. בניו יורק יש קניון גדול — In New York there is a big mall.

2. אין מדבר בניו יורק — There is no desert in New York.

3. יש הרבה מסעדות בעיר שלי — There are many restaurants in my city.

4. העיר שלי מודרנית ומעניינת — My city is modern and interesting.

5. לפעמים אני הולך לקולנוע — Sometimes I go to the cinema.

  • Aim for variety: use different vocabulary words across your 15 sentences
  • Mix יש and אין sentences
  • Use adjectives to add description
  • You can describe seasons: בחורף קר בניו יורק — In winter it is cold in New York
  • Mention different types of places: religious (בית כנסת), cultural (מוזאון), social (בית קפה)